Glossary
Key terms and concepts used across Green Goods, organized into community and builder sections.
Community Terms
Action
A task or bounty available for gardeners to complete within a garden. Actions define specific regenerative activities (like planting trees, litter cleanup, or biodiversity surveys) with clear instructions, metrics, and optional time windows. Each action is registered on-chain and tracks completion statistics.
Attestation
An on-chain record created using the Ethereum Attestation Service (EAS). Green Goods uses three attestation types: work submissions, work approvals, and garden assessments. Attestations are permanent, cryptographically signed records that prove specific claims about impact work.
Community Garden
The root garden created automatically on deployment, open to all users. New gardeners are automatically added to the Community Garden upon signup, providing immediate access to actions and the ability to start documenting work.
EAS (Ethereum Attestation Service)
A protocol for making on-chain and off-chain attestations about any subject. Green Goods uses EAS to create verifiable records of gardener work, operator approvals, and garden assessments. Learn more at attest.sh.
Eight Forms of Capital
A holistic framework for measuring wealth and impact beyond money:
- Living Capital: Biodiversity, soil health, water quality
- Material Capital: Physical resources and infrastructure
- Financial Capital: Money and financial assets
- Social Capital: Relationships and community trust
- Intellectual Capital: Knowledge and skills
- Experiential Capital: Lived wisdom and cultural practices
- Spiritual Capital: Sense of meaning and purpose
- Cultural Capital: Traditions and shared identity
Green Goods assessments track impact across all eight capitals.
Garden
A community hub for regenerative work, represented as an NFT using the ERC-6551 Tokenbound Account standard. Each Garden has its own smart contract account that can hold assets, manage members, and coordinate impact work. Gardens are localized to specific bioregions and serve as hubs for coordinating regenerative and community action.
Garden Operator
Trusted coordinators who manage gardens and validate gardener submissions. Operators review work submissions, approve or reject them with feedback, and oversee garden membership. Operators have elevated permissions within assigned gardens, and garden creation depends on current permission policy.
Gardener
Community members who perform on-the-ground regenerative work. Gardeners submit work through the Green Goods PWA using the MDR (Media-Details-Review) workflow, documenting their contributions with photos and metrics. Gardeners can belong to multiple gardens and earn recognition for verified work.
Hypercert
A semi-fungible token representing a claim of impact work. Hypercerts enable retroactive funding by allowing impact to be certified, tracked, and fractionally owned. In Green Goods, hypercert mint/list workflows are implemented but may be activation-pending depending on deployment and indexing status. Note: "Impact Tokens" are the broader concept (verified impact work tokenized via Karma GAP attestations), while Hypercerts are the specific tokenized certificates that represent fractional ownership of those impact claims. Learn more at hypercerts.org and Mint and List Hypercerts.
Impact Token
A token representing verified impact work that can be traded, funded, or used to unlock benefits. Green Goods uses Karma GAP attestations as the foundation for impact tokenization. Impact Tokens are the broader concept; see Hypercert for the specific tokenized certificate implementation.
IPFS (InterPlanetary File System)
A distributed file storage system. Green Goods stores work photos, metadata, and action instructions in IPFS via Storacha, with content identifiers (CIDs) referenced in on-chain attestations.
Karma GAP (Grantee Accountability Protocol)
A standardized protocol for on-chain impact reporting across multiple chains. When operators approve work in Green Goods, the system automatically creates GAP project and impact attestations, enabling transparent impact tracking. Gardens become GAP projects automatically upon creation.
MDR (Media-Details-Review)
The three-step workflow for submitting work in the Green Goods PWA:
- Media: Capture before/after photos or video
- Details: Fill in task information, metrics, and feedback
- Review: Preview submission and confirm
This pattern ensures high-quality documentation and reduces submission errors.
On-Chain
Data or transactions permanently recorded on a blockchain. Green Goods stores attestations on-chain for verifiability, while larger data (photos, metadata) is stored off-chain in IPFS and referenced by on-chain records.
Passkey
A cryptographic credential stored on your device (like Face ID or fingerprint) that enables passwordless authentication. Green Goods uses passkeys with Pimlico smart accounts to provide gardeners with a seamless, web2-like experience without managing private keys.
PWA (Progressive Web App)
A web application that can be installed on mobile devices and work offline. The Green Goods client is a PWA, enabling gardeners to document work in the field even without internet connectivity. Work is queued locally and synced when back online.
Resolver
Smart contracts that execute custom logic when attestations are created. Green Goods resolvers enforce permissions (only gardeners can submit, only operators can approve), emit events, and trigger Karma GAP integration for impact reporting.
Schema
A structured template that defines the format of an attestation. Green Goods uses three schemas:
- Work Submission Schema: Captures gardener work with media and metadata
- Work Approval Schema: Records operator validation decisions
- Assessment Schema: Documents garden-level impact across 8 forms of capital
Smart Account (Account Abstraction)
A smart contract-based wallet that enables gasless transactions, social recovery, and improved UX. Green Goods gardeners use Kernel smart accounts powered by Pimlico, allowing them to submit work without paying gas fees or managing seed phrases.
Work Approval
The validation process where operators review gardener work submissions and either approve or reject them with constructive feedback. Approved work creates on-chain attestations that serve as permanent, verifiable records of impact. Approvals trigger Karma GAP impact attestations automatically.
Work Submission
Documentation of completed regenerative work submitted by a gardener. Work submissions follow the MDR workflow and include before/after photos, task details, metrics, and metadata. Submissions are stored in IPFS and referenced on-chain via EAS attestations once approved.
Builder Terms
Allowlist
A list of Ethereum addresses entitled to claim fractions of a Hypercert or access certain features. Allowlists are stored as Merkle trees, enabling gas-efficient verification. In Green Goods, the allowlist for a Hypercert is generated from approved gardeners who contributed to the bundled work.
Arbitrum One
A production Ethereum Layer 2 network where Green Goods is deployed. Arbitrum offers lower gas fees and faster transactions than Ethereum mainnet while maintaining security.
Bundler
A node in the ERC-4337 account abstraction system that collects UserOperations from multiple users, bundles them into a single transaction, and submits them to the blockchain. Green Goods uses Pimlico as its bundler service, enabling gasless transactions for gardeners.
Celo
A carbon-negative blockchain focused on mobile-first financial tools and regenerative finance. Green Goods is deployed on Celo mainnet, aligning with the network's environmental mission.
CREATE2
A Solidity opcode that deploys contracts to deterministic addresses based on the deployer address, salt, and bytecode hash. Green Goods uses CREATE2 for predictable contract deployments across different networks, ensuring consistent addresses for core infrastructure.
Envio
A blockchain event indexer that listens to on-chain events and exposes indexed data via GraphQL API. Green Goods uses Envio HyperIndex to track garden creation, work submissions, approvals, and membership changes, enabling fast queries without direct blockchain calls.
ERC-721
The Ethereum standard for non-fungible tokens (NFTs). Green Goods uses ERC-721 for Garden tokens, where each garden is a unique NFT that can be owned, transferred, and linked to a Tokenbound Account (ERC-6551).
ERC-4337
The Ethereum standard for Account Abstraction, enabling smart contract wallets with features like gasless transactions, social recovery, and custom authentication. Green Goods uses ERC-4337 via Pimlico to provide gardeners with passkey-based accounts that don't require managing private keys or paying gas.
Foundry
A fast, portable Solidity development framework written in Rust. Includes forge (build and test), anvil (local blockchain), and cast (CLI for interacting with contracts). Green Goods uses Foundry for all smart contract development and testing.
Gas
The unit of computational effort required to execute transactions on Ethereum-compatible blockchains. Gas fees (paid in native tokens like ETH) compensate network validators. Green Goods uses Pimlico paymasters to sponsor gas for gardeners, enabling gasless work submissions.
gql.tada
A TypeScript library that provides type-safe GraphQL queries by inferring types directly from GraphQL schemas. Green Goods uses gql.tada with graphql-request for fully typed GraphQL operations, catching query errors at compile time rather than runtime.
GraphQL
A query language for APIs that allows clients to request exactly the data they need. Green Goods exposes garden and work data via GraphQL through the Envio indexer, and queries EAS attestations via the EAS GraphQL API.
IndexedDB
A browser-based NoSQL database for storing structured data client-side. The Green Goods PWA uses IndexedDB for the offline job queue, persisting pending work submissions until network connectivity is restored.
Indexer
A service that listens to blockchain events and indexes them into a queryable database. Green Goods uses Envio to index garden creation, work submissions, approvals, and attestations, exposing this data via a GraphQL API for fast queries.
Kernel
A modular smart account implementation (v3) from ZeroDev that powers Green Goods gardener accounts. Kernel accounts support passkey authentication, gas sponsorship, and can be upgraded without changing addresses.
Merkle Tree
A cryptographic data structure used to efficiently verify set membership. In the context of Hypercerts, Merkle trees store allowlists of addresses entitled to claim fractions of a Hypercert. The Merkle root is stored on-chain, while the full tree data is stored on IPFS, allowing efficient verification without storing all addresses on-chain.
Paymaster
A smart contract in ERC-4337 that sponsors gas fees for UserOperations. Green Goods uses Pimlico's verifying paymaster to enable gasless transactions, allowing gardeners to submit work without holding native tokens for gas.
Pimlico
An ERC-4337 infrastructure provider offering bundler and paymaster services. Green Goods uses Pimlico to enable gasless passkey authentication and work submissions for gardeners, abstracting away blockchain complexity.
Reown AppKit
A wallet connection SDK (formerly WalletConnect) for web3 applications. Green Goods uses Reown AppKit in the Admin dashboard to connect operator wallets like MetaMask for signing transactions.
Sepolia
The default testnet for Green Goods development. Sepolia is an Ethereum testnet offering low-cost transactions for testing.
Service Worker
A background script that enables Progressive Web Apps (PWAs) to work offline and receive push notifications. The Green Goods client uses a service worker to cache assets and handle background sync of work submissions.
Storacha
An IPFS/Filecoin storage service for decentralized file hosting. Green Goods uses Storacha (formerly web3.storage) to store work photos, metadata, and action instructions, with content identifiers (CIDs) referenced in on-chain attestations.
TBA (Tokenbound Account)
A smart contract account bound to an NFT, following the ERC-6551 standard. Each Green Goods garden is a Tokenbound Account, allowing gardens to own assets, sign transactions, and interact with other contracts as autonomous entities. Learn more at tokenbound.org.
Transfer Restrictions
Hypercert configurations that control whether and how fractions can be transferred after minting. Options include: unrestricted (freely transferable), restricted to original recipients, or disallowed entirely. Green Goods Hypercerts typically use transfer restrictions to ensure impact claims remain with verified contributors.
UUPS (Universal Upgradeable Proxy Standard)
An OpenZeppelin pattern for upgradeable smart contracts where the upgrade logic lives in the implementation contract rather than the proxy. Green Goods uses UUPS for core contracts, allowing bug fixes and feature additions while preserving contract state and addresses.
UserOperation (UserOp)
A pseudo-transaction object in ERC-4337 account abstraction that represents an intended action by a smart account. Unlike regular transactions, UserOperations are sent to a bundler (not directly to the blockchain), enabling features like gas sponsorship, batched transactions, and custom signature schemes.
XState
A JavaScript/TypeScript library for state machines and statecharts. Green Goods uses XState for complex multi-step workflows like authentication and Hypercert minting, where explicit state transitions and side effects need careful orchestration.
ZeroDev
An account abstraction platform that provides Kernel smart account implementations and developer tools. Green Goods uses ZeroDev's Kernel v3 for gardener smart accounts, enabling passkey authentication and gasless transactions.
Zustand
A lightweight state management library for React. Green Goods uses Zustand for global UI state (selected garden, wizard steps, theme) that needs to persist across component re-renders but doesn't require the complexity of XState.